recent citations
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Wild, K., Howieson, D., Webbe, F., Seelye, A., Kaye, J. Status of computerized cognitive testing in aging: a systematic review. Alzheimers and Dementia, 4 (6), 428-437, 2008.
The top overall score on the reviewed dimensions was given to the CANS-MCI, along with special mention for "pleasantness" when given to elderly patients.
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Hales, R.E., Yudofsky, S.C., Gabbard, G.O. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry, 5th Edition, American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 2008.
"The diagnosis of MCI involves assessment of multiple cognitive domains with particular attention to episodic and semantic memory." The CANS-MCI is singled out as an appropriate "reliable, valid screening tool in determining whether more intensive testing for MCI is warranted " P. 347.
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Levey, A., Lah, J., Goldstein, F., Steenland, K., Bliwise, D. Mild cognitive impairment: An opportunity to identify patients at high risk for progression to Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Therapeutics 28, 991-1001, 2006.
"MCI involves more substantial cognitive and memory decline than normal aging and represents a significant risk factor for the development of dementia. Given the existence of a subset of individuals with a-MCI, who are at greatest risk for progression to AD but still have high levels of cognition and function, the ability to improve symptoms and delay progression to AD would be particularly beneficial."
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Ashford, J.W. Screening for memory disorder, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Aging Health, 4 (4), 399-432, 2008.
Qualitative review of the need for MCI screening and screening instruments.
The current relevant evidence for screening is that:
- Dementia and AD are under-recognized in clinical settings;
- All professional provider groups support identifying dementia when it exists;
- Many patients can benefit from medications for symptomatic treatment of dementia and its neurobehavioral complications;
- Earlier treatment can be associated with improved clinical outcomes;
- Non-pharmacological care management strategies for patients and families are strongly supported by research; and
- Good screening and case finding tests exist (CANS-MCI).
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Zamrini, E., DeSanti, S., Tolar, M. Imaging is superior to cognitive testing for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 685-691, 2004.
This article formed the basis for a formal debate between imaging and cognitive evaluation experts at which the CANS-MCI was acknowledged to address the high cost and extended administration time of paper-based neuropsychological batteries. The testing of large groups of community dwelling elders with longitudinal follow-up and subgroup-appropriate norms eliminated many of the problems inherent in neuropsychological tests. www.worldeventsforum.com/alzchallenges/program2003.htm. One side of the debate "Cognitive tests alone can diagnose AD" was argued by John Brooks, Fred Schmitt, and Jane Tornatore. The other side "Imaging is superior" was argued by the authors above.